Tungsten carbide nozzle for Jet pump

The application of tungsten carbide nozzle and throats ( Mixing Tubes ) in Jet Pump
The jet pump operates by pumping power fluid at high pressure and rate from surface to activate/drive a downhole pump. Looking at the downhole jet pump, there are three main components:
• Nozzle
• Throats ( Mixing Tubes )
• And Diffuser.
Tungsten carbide nozzle and throats ( Mixing Tubes ) are the key components of a jet pump. The ratio of the areas of these two parts is known as the area ratio of the pump and it determines the performance characteristics of the pump. Pumps with the same area ratio have the same performance and efficiency curves
Jet Pumps operates on Venturi principle. Above the JP, before entering Tungsten carbide nozzle, the power fluid has high pressure (designated as PN) and low flow velocity.

While the power fluid passes Tungsten carbide nozzle, due to the decrease in flow area it is transformed from low velocity, high static pressure flow to a high velocity, low static pressure flow (PS). This creates a pressure drop below Tungsten carbide nozzle which drives the reservoir fluids into the pump.

Inside Tungsten carbide throats ( Mixing Tubes ), the power fluid mixes with reservoir fluids. This area must be able to pass the power fluid as well as the liquids and gas being produced. The area in the pump that must accommodate just the produced fluids (liquid and gas) is the annular area between Tungsten carbide nozzle and the throats ( Mixing Tubes ) and it is this area that determines the cavitation characteristics of the pump.